Dienstag, 2. Oktober 2007
My trip to Croatia Day 2
Monday, the 16 th of April On Monday morning I woke up a bit more relaxed. From 8 to 9:30 I did my homework for the workshops and dabbled in English words for the forthcoming progess test. This day we had our classes immediately at the beach. The intention was to make us familiar with the impact of outer impressions on writing. We had to compose two poems with the terms: "blue, sea, shell and sun". One without any restrictions and the other related to feminism. The theme of short story writting class was to depict the same scene of action dependent on different states of mood. In the afternoon we visited Trogir. Some students of the tourism class showed us around in the small town. At sunset we hat to say good-bye to Renate, because she left on Wednesday morning. From then on we were only three in our literature classes. For more informations about Trogir go to: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trogir
Mittwoch, 27. Juni 2007
Virginia Woolf "A Room Of One's Own" Conclusion
Conclusion
I was curious to read this book and it fulfilled my expectations. Virginia Woolf’s depiction of the development of female literature was exiting, touching and alarming. For me, it is a perfect piece of work dealing with female oppression and influence of money on creativity.
I was impressed by the achievements of female writers under such miserable conditions. No wonder, that most of the women developing literature died young (I discovered it by writing the foot notes). I followed the flow of Virginia Woolf’s ideas and for me her thoughts and indignation are very familiar. To my mind men are still inclined to feel superior and women, working in lower positions in the private economy, still earn much less money than men. But certainly to a much lesser extend than at Virginia Woolf’s time. Today a further problem has arisen. Not a missing room of one’s own or missing money prevent a woman to be creative but maybe the lack of time.
( I wrote this essay originally for the class "Kulturschwerpunktthemen Englisch")
I was curious to read this book and it fulfilled my expectations. Virginia Woolf’s depiction of the development of female literature was exiting, touching and alarming. For me, it is a perfect piece of work dealing with female oppression and influence of money on creativity.
I was impressed by the achievements of female writers under such miserable conditions. No wonder, that most of the women developing literature died young (I discovered it by writing the foot notes). I followed the flow of Virginia Woolf’s ideas and for me her thoughts and indignation are very familiar. To my mind men are still inclined to feel superior and women, working in lower positions in the private economy, still earn much less money than men. But certainly to a much lesser extend than at Virginia Woolf’s time. Today a further problem has arisen. Not a missing room of one’s own or missing money prevent a woman to be creative but maybe the lack of time.
( I wrote this essay originally for the class "Kulturschwerpunktthemen Englisch")
Virginia Woolf "A Room Of One's Own" Chapter 6
Chapter 6
On the morning of 26th October 1928 Mary Benton looked out of her window, watching the flow down on the street. It brought a girl in patent leather shoes, a young man in a maroon coat and a hackney cab. The girl and the man got in the hackney cab and it slid away like being carried away to another place. Mary Benton sensed a spirit of a natural merger.
She raised the question whether every human being did possess both genders which must be unified.
Maybe her query was in line with Coleridge’s[1] opinion who stated that a great spirit has to be androgynous. A spirit reaches its full prosperity and uses his entire potential only through the merger of the male and female side.
The narrator opened a contemporary book written by a man termed by her as Mr. B and discovered that through the feminist movement the men themselves had become more gender-conscious. Throughout Mr. B’s book she was confronted with his ego. It was like an obstacle that blocked the source of his creative power. Then she realized that the author was focusing on his manliness, as a sign of protest. He protested against equality of the other gender by insisting on his superiority.
Unlike Coleridge’s sentences which after reading exploded in the spirit and caused a bunch of new personal ideas, Mr. B’s sentences simply fell to the ground. According to the narrator’s opinion it was deadly to think of the personal gender while writing. A kind of collaboration had to take place between the spirits of both genders.
Then Mary Benton stopped talking about the requirement of a room with a lock at the door and 500 pounds per year when women wanted to wrote novels or poems. The necessity of financial security was not only stated by her but also by Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch[2] who proved by referring to several male poets that money and higher education were essential for their success. The mental freedom depended on pecuniary security and the art of poetry depended on mental freedom. Therefore a poor poet in Mary Benton’s time had not the slightest chance.
Mary Benton pointed out that after women had reached access to higher education, after married women had gained the right to possess assets and after they had received the right to vote the lack of opportunity, education, encouragement and money were only invalid excuses any more. Of course women had to give birth to children but only to two or tree and not to ten to twelve. Women should write all kinds of books in order to revive Shakespeare’s imaginary younger sister, the embodiment of creativity in Mary Benton’s mind.
[1] Samuel Taylor Colderidge (1772-1834) in his table talk an 1st of September 1832)
[2] Sir Athur Quiller-Couch (1863-1944) extraordinary influential literature historian, critic and publisher
On the morning of 26th October 1928 Mary Benton looked out of her window, watching the flow down on the street. It brought a girl in patent leather shoes, a young man in a maroon coat and a hackney cab. The girl and the man got in the hackney cab and it slid away like being carried away to another place. Mary Benton sensed a spirit of a natural merger.
She raised the question whether every human being did possess both genders which must be unified.
Maybe her query was in line with Coleridge’s[1] opinion who stated that a great spirit has to be androgynous. A spirit reaches its full prosperity and uses his entire potential only through the merger of the male and female side.
The narrator opened a contemporary book written by a man termed by her as Mr. B and discovered that through the feminist movement the men themselves had become more gender-conscious. Throughout Mr. B’s book she was confronted with his ego. It was like an obstacle that blocked the source of his creative power. Then she realized that the author was focusing on his manliness, as a sign of protest. He protested against equality of the other gender by insisting on his superiority.
Unlike Coleridge’s sentences which after reading exploded in the spirit and caused a bunch of new personal ideas, Mr. B’s sentences simply fell to the ground. According to the narrator’s opinion it was deadly to think of the personal gender while writing. A kind of collaboration had to take place between the spirits of both genders.
Then Mary Benton stopped talking about the requirement of a room with a lock at the door and 500 pounds per year when women wanted to wrote novels or poems. The necessity of financial security was not only stated by her but also by Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch[2] who proved by referring to several male poets that money and higher education were essential for their success. The mental freedom depended on pecuniary security and the art of poetry depended on mental freedom. Therefore a poor poet in Mary Benton’s time had not the slightest chance.
Mary Benton pointed out that after women had reached access to higher education, after married women had gained the right to possess assets and after they had received the right to vote the lack of opportunity, education, encouragement and money were only invalid excuses any more. Of course women had to give birth to children but only to two or tree and not to ten to twelve. Women should write all kinds of books in order to revive Shakespeare’s imaginary younger sister, the embodiment of creativity in Mary Benton’s mind.
[1] Samuel Taylor Colderidge (1772-1834) in his table talk an 1st of September 1832)
[2] Sir Athur Quiller-Couch (1863-1944) extraordinary influential literature historian, critic and publisher
Virginia Woolf "A Room Of One's Own" Chapter 5
Chapter 5
In the course of her survey Mary Benton reached her presence. It was the time, when women wrote just as many books as men. Turning away from pure novels, women also wrote books about history, faraway countries and aesthetics.
Mary Carmicheal[1] was the first to write about a relationship within her gender. Up to Jane Austin women in literature were not only seen mainly by the other gender but also only in their relationship to the other gender. No matter how clumsy Mary Carmicheal was she wrote as a woman who had forgotten that she was a woman. What a groundbreaking feat!
[1] Mary Carmicheal was the pseudonym of Marie Stopes ( 1880 – 1958) was a Scottish author, campaigner for women's rights and pioneer in the field of family planning
In the course of her survey Mary Benton reached her presence. It was the time, when women wrote just as many books as men. Turning away from pure novels, women also wrote books about history, faraway countries and aesthetics.
Mary Carmicheal[1] was the first to write about a relationship within her gender. Up to Jane Austin women in literature were not only seen mainly by the other gender but also only in their relationship to the other gender. No matter how clumsy Mary Carmicheal was she wrote as a woman who had forgotten that she was a woman. What a groundbreaking feat!
[1] Mary Carmicheal was the pseudonym of Marie Stopes ( 1880 – 1958) was a Scottish author, campaigner for women's rights and pioneer in the field of family planning
Virginia Woolf "A Room Of One's Own" Chapter 4
Chapter 4
In the 16th century, thinking of Elizabethan gravestones with all the kneeling, their hands folding children, who mourned their mother’s early death, looking at their houses with their gloomy and cramped front rooms the narrator found it impossible for a woman to write poems.
One of the first who dared to express herself in writing was Lady Winchilsea[1], born in 1661, aristocratic by birth as well as by marriage, and childless. She wrote poems and expressed herein her indignation about the social position of women. Pope and Gay two English poets called her “Bluestocking with a tendency to scribbling”.
Her contemporary the Duchess Margaret of Newcastle[2] wrote: “Women live like bats or owls, are slaving away like animals and die like worms”. Like the aforementioned she complained bitterly the women’s fate. Her mind grew crazy for freedom and loneliness. It goes without saying that the insane duchess served as a warning in order to intimidate bright young girls.
Since no intelligent woman obeying the rules of decency should write books Dorothy Osborne[3] only wrote melancholic and sensitive letters. Letters could be written while men talked as long as they were not disturbed.
Mrs. Aphra Behn[4] was a middle class woman who owned virtues like humor, vitality and courage. By reason of her husband’s death she was forced to make a living by using her talents. She was the first to succeed.
The great chance at the end of the 18th century was that women of the middle class commenced to write. Female writing was no longer a sign of insanity, it gained practical importance. Husbands could die or stroke of bad luck hit families. Hundreds of middle class women started writing or translating. The immense mental liveliness, exchange of opinions, meetings and writing of essays resulted from the fact that women were encouraged enough to earn money by writing. In the narrator’s opinion the fact that women turned to writing in general was more important than single books.
Jane Austin[5] did not possess a study of her own. Most part of her work must have been written in the living room. She took carefully care that no servant, no visitor or any person outside the next of skin perceived her occupation. Jane Austin was the first to be able to write without hate, bitterness or fear. Nevertheless, she still suffered from her life’s narrowness. It was impossible for a woman to leave her home alone. She was never traveling, never going by bus through London or was eating out all by herself. Maybe it was her nature not to long for what she did not possess.
Mary Benton doubted that this was equally true for Charlotte Bronte[6]´, who expressed her longing for distant areas in her book “Jane Eye”. The restlessness laid in her nature and tortured her. Surprising is the fact that most of the excellent novels were written by women who were to poor to buy several sheets of paper at a time.
George Elliot[7] escaped from the social constraints. But she was only able to flee into the isolation of a villa in St. John’ wood. Her marriage similar partnership with a married man was generally met with disapproval.
The young Tolstoy[8] did more or less the same thing, went into war and was able to gather various experiences unhampered and unscolded. Had he been living in the back of beyond, would he have been able to write “War and Peace”?
The women’s values described in books were very different from the men’s ones.
The male values seemed to prevail. An important book stated a critic, deals with war, and an unimportant one with female feelings. What genius and honesty must have been required to withstand in a pure patriarchal society. Jane Austin and Emily Bronte’ accomplished this deed. They wrote like women wrote, disregarding the permanent warning to write only this or that.
Another great problem that occurred was the lack of tradition; women could not retrace opinions or wording from former female novelists. In view of the fact that variety and freedom of expressions are utmost essential in the area of art, this inadequacy and lack of tools of the trade must have strongly affected women’s writing skills.
[1] Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661-1720) was writing poems, which were influenced by her friends Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift and John Gay.
[2] Margart Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle 8 1623-1673), eccentric poet with interest in the developing natural science
[3] Dorothy Osborne (1627-1695) was writing letters, which presented a vivid picture of her epoch and the relationship between both genders.
[4] Aphra Behn (1640-1689) was the first female professional writer, especially successful with her theatre plays.
[5] Jane Austin (1775-1817) was a famous English writer
[6] Charlotte Bronte (1816-1853) was an English novelist and the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels
have become enduring classics of English literature.
[7] Mary Ann Evans (1819 – 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist
[8] Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) was a Russian writer – novelist essayist, dramatist and philosopher
In the 16th century, thinking of Elizabethan gravestones with all the kneeling, their hands folding children, who mourned their mother’s early death, looking at their houses with their gloomy and cramped front rooms the narrator found it impossible for a woman to write poems.
One of the first who dared to express herself in writing was Lady Winchilsea[1], born in 1661, aristocratic by birth as well as by marriage, and childless. She wrote poems and expressed herein her indignation about the social position of women. Pope and Gay two English poets called her “Bluestocking with a tendency to scribbling”.
Her contemporary the Duchess Margaret of Newcastle[2] wrote: “Women live like bats or owls, are slaving away like animals and die like worms”. Like the aforementioned she complained bitterly the women’s fate. Her mind grew crazy for freedom and loneliness. It goes without saying that the insane duchess served as a warning in order to intimidate bright young girls.
Since no intelligent woman obeying the rules of decency should write books Dorothy Osborne[3] only wrote melancholic and sensitive letters. Letters could be written while men talked as long as they were not disturbed.
Mrs. Aphra Behn[4] was a middle class woman who owned virtues like humor, vitality and courage. By reason of her husband’s death she was forced to make a living by using her talents. She was the first to succeed.
The great chance at the end of the 18th century was that women of the middle class commenced to write. Female writing was no longer a sign of insanity, it gained practical importance. Husbands could die or stroke of bad luck hit families. Hundreds of middle class women started writing or translating. The immense mental liveliness, exchange of opinions, meetings and writing of essays resulted from the fact that women were encouraged enough to earn money by writing. In the narrator’s opinion the fact that women turned to writing in general was more important than single books.
Jane Austin[5] did not possess a study of her own. Most part of her work must have been written in the living room. She took carefully care that no servant, no visitor or any person outside the next of skin perceived her occupation. Jane Austin was the first to be able to write without hate, bitterness or fear. Nevertheless, she still suffered from her life’s narrowness. It was impossible for a woman to leave her home alone. She was never traveling, never going by bus through London or was eating out all by herself. Maybe it was her nature not to long for what she did not possess.
Mary Benton doubted that this was equally true for Charlotte Bronte[6]´, who expressed her longing for distant areas in her book “Jane Eye”. The restlessness laid in her nature and tortured her. Surprising is the fact that most of the excellent novels were written by women who were to poor to buy several sheets of paper at a time.
George Elliot[7] escaped from the social constraints. But she was only able to flee into the isolation of a villa in St. John’ wood. Her marriage similar partnership with a married man was generally met with disapproval.
The young Tolstoy[8] did more or less the same thing, went into war and was able to gather various experiences unhampered and unscolded. Had he been living in the back of beyond, would he have been able to write “War and Peace”?
The women’s values described in books were very different from the men’s ones.
The male values seemed to prevail. An important book stated a critic, deals with war, and an unimportant one with female feelings. What genius and honesty must have been required to withstand in a pure patriarchal society. Jane Austin and Emily Bronte’ accomplished this deed. They wrote like women wrote, disregarding the permanent warning to write only this or that.
Another great problem that occurred was the lack of tradition; women could not retrace opinions or wording from former female novelists. In view of the fact that variety and freedom of expressions are utmost essential in the area of art, this inadequacy and lack of tools of the trade must have strongly affected women’s writing skills.
[1] Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea (1661-1720) was writing poems, which were influenced by her friends Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift and John Gay.
[2] Margart Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle 8 1623-1673), eccentric poet with interest in the developing natural science
[3] Dorothy Osborne (1627-1695) was writing letters, which presented a vivid picture of her epoch and the relationship between both genders.
[4] Aphra Behn (1640-1689) was the first female professional writer, especially successful with her theatre plays.
[5] Jane Austin (1775-1817) was a famous English writer
[6] Charlotte Bronte (1816-1853) was an English novelist and the eldest of the three Brontë sisters whose novels
have become enduring classics of English literature.
[7] Mary Ann Evans (1819 – 1880), better known by her pen name George Eliot, was an English novelist
[8] Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) was a Russian writer – novelist essayist, dramatist and philosopher
Virginia Woolf "A Room Of One's Own" Chapter 3
Chapter 3
It was disappointing that the only insight after a day of research was the fact that women were poorer than men. Mary Benton decided to go to the roots of this matter and looked up the words "women" and "position of" in the latest available history book by Professor Trevelyan[1]. What she was reading was the following: Beating a wife was a recognized right of man in 1470, which was exercised without shame throughout the social classes.
Likewise had a daughter who refused to marry the predestinated husband to be aware that she could be locked in, battered and pushed around the room without sympathy of the public. Not personal affections were relevant for a marriage, but only the family’s greed especially in the chivalrous upper class.
Even two hundred years later women of the middle and upper classes were only allowed to select their husbands themselves in very rare cases. The predestinated husbands were their master, at least insofar as permissible by law. In spite of that, Shakespeare’s women did not seem to lack personality and character. But this was only the woman in literature. In reality they were locked in, battered and pushed around.
In the rest of Professor Trevelyan’s book women were mentioned utmost seldom, only a queen or a high ranking lady. But by no means, a woman belonging to the middle class could take part in a great movement possessing nothing but her common sense and character. A woman of the Elizabethan era did not have any money, was married before she was grown up, most probably at the age of fifteen or sixteen.
She was not sent to school. She had no opportunity to study grammar and logic, never mind reading Horaz or Vergil. Every now and then she was reading a few pages but soon admonished by her parents to stir the soup, to darn the leggings and not to waste time with books and papers.
If she felt called to develop her poetic talent she would not only be hampered and hindered by others but also by her own contradicting feelings. A woman with a poetic gift, born in the 16th century was an unhappy woman.
Even in the 19th century she did not have her own room, unless her parents were extremely rich. Her pocket money dependant from her father’s voluntary will reached for her clothes at best. Still women were regarded as being inferior to men. Mr. Oscar Browning[2], once a great men in Cambridge, who examined also girls in Girton and Newham said, after looking through various exams, that he still have the impression that the best woman is intellectual inferior to the worst man. At Shakespeare’s time actresses and two hundred years later female composers and preachers were compared to dancing or upright walking dogs. Female artists were not encouraged. On the contrary, they were snubbed, insulted and advised.
[1] George Macaulay Trevlyan (1876-1962) was teaching history in Cambridge. His history of England, quoted by Virginia Woolf was issued in 1926.
[2] Oscar Browning (1837-1923) historian in Cambridge
It was disappointing that the only insight after a day of research was the fact that women were poorer than men. Mary Benton decided to go to the roots of this matter and looked up the words "women" and "position of" in the latest available history book by Professor Trevelyan[1]. What she was reading was the following: Beating a wife was a recognized right of man in 1470, which was exercised without shame throughout the social classes.
Likewise had a daughter who refused to marry the predestinated husband to be aware that she could be locked in, battered and pushed around the room without sympathy of the public. Not personal affections were relevant for a marriage, but only the family’s greed especially in the chivalrous upper class.
Even two hundred years later women of the middle and upper classes were only allowed to select their husbands themselves in very rare cases. The predestinated husbands were their master, at least insofar as permissible by law. In spite of that, Shakespeare’s women did not seem to lack personality and character. But this was only the woman in literature. In reality they were locked in, battered and pushed around.
In the rest of Professor Trevelyan’s book women were mentioned utmost seldom, only a queen or a high ranking lady. But by no means, a woman belonging to the middle class could take part in a great movement possessing nothing but her common sense and character. A woman of the Elizabethan era did not have any money, was married before she was grown up, most probably at the age of fifteen or sixteen.
She was not sent to school. She had no opportunity to study grammar and logic, never mind reading Horaz or Vergil. Every now and then she was reading a few pages but soon admonished by her parents to stir the soup, to darn the leggings and not to waste time with books and papers.
If she felt called to develop her poetic talent she would not only be hampered and hindered by others but also by her own contradicting feelings. A woman with a poetic gift, born in the 16th century was an unhappy woman.
Even in the 19th century she did not have her own room, unless her parents were extremely rich. Her pocket money dependant from her father’s voluntary will reached for her clothes at best. Still women were regarded as being inferior to men. Mr. Oscar Browning[2], once a great men in Cambridge, who examined also girls in Girton and Newham said, after looking through various exams, that he still have the impression that the best woman is intellectual inferior to the worst man. At Shakespeare’s time actresses and two hundred years later female composers and preachers were compared to dancing or upright walking dogs. Female artists were not encouraged. On the contrary, they were snubbed, insulted and advised.
[1] George Macaulay Trevlyan (1876-1962) was teaching history in Cambridge. His history of England, quoted by Virginia Woolf was issued in 1926.
[2] Oscar Browning (1837-1923) historian in Cambridge
Virginia Woolf "A Room Of One's Own" Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Mary Benton commenced chapter 2 by raising the questions
“Why is one gender so prosperous and one so needy?” and
“What effect does poorness have on literature?”
She took pencil and notebook and went to the reading room in the British museum to search for the truth
She was astonished, amazed and stunned, when she discovered how many books men wrote about women in the course of one year. Books with titles like “Gender and its nature” were not only published by doctors or biologists but also by young novelists whose only qualification seemed to be that they were no women. Women, on the contrary, did not write books about men. “Why are women so much more interesting for men than vice versa?
Why Samuel Butler[1] did said: “Wise men never say what they think about women?”
Judging by the books at hand Mary Benton had the impression that they seemed do nothing else, unfortunately the men's opinions were very different.
Pope wrote e. g. “Women are most often completely despicable”
La Bruyere[2] said “Women are extremes they are either better or worse than men”
Napoleon thought that women were incapable; Dr. Jonson[3] put forward the opposite opinion.
The truth about women was not touchable. From what she read and saw Mary Benton created artificially professor X who wrote the volume “The mental, moral and physical inferiority of women”. What prompted him to write this book? He was obviously furious but why? Possibly the insistence on the female inferiority helped him to stick to his own superiority.
Then Mary Benton referred gratefully to her own independence for she had inherited an annuity for life amounting 500 pounds per year. Around the time she received the money women got the entitlement to vote. Mary Benton admitted that the money was infinitely more important.
Before inheriting the money she had tried to survive by addressing envelopes, reading aloud to old ladies, teaching children the alphabet and making artificial flowers. To put it in a nutshell, she exercised all activities that were available to women before 1918. Mary Benton briefly remembered the bitterness in these days and the relief she felt when she got her permanent income. No once more did she need to hate a man, he could not harm her. No once more did she need to flatter a man, he could not give her anything.
[1] Samuel Butler (1835–1902), a novelist and critic, was maligned for his free opinions
[2] Jean de la Bruyere (1645-1696) famous French writer
[3] Dr. Samuel Jonson (1704-1784) poet, critic, biographer and lexicographer, one of the most influential men at his time was highly appreciated by Virginia Woolf.
Mary Benton commenced chapter 2 by raising the questions
“Why is one gender so prosperous and one so needy?” and
“What effect does poorness have on literature?”
She took pencil and notebook and went to the reading room in the British museum to search for the truth
She was astonished, amazed and stunned, when she discovered how many books men wrote about women in the course of one year. Books with titles like “Gender and its nature” were not only published by doctors or biologists but also by young novelists whose only qualification seemed to be that they were no women. Women, on the contrary, did not write books about men. “Why are women so much more interesting for men than vice versa?
Why Samuel Butler[1] did said: “Wise men never say what they think about women?”
Judging by the books at hand Mary Benton had the impression that they seemed do nothing else, unfortunately the men's opinions were very different.
Pope wrote e. g. “Women are most often completely despicable”
La Bruyere[2] said “Women are extremes they are either better or worse than men”
Napoleon thought that women were incapable; Dr. Jonson[3] put forward the opposite opinion.
The truth about women was not touchable. From what she read and saw Mary Benton created artificially professor X who wrote the volume “The mental, moral and physical inferiority of women”. What prompted him to write this book? He was obviously furious but why? Possibly the insistence on the female inferiority helped him to stick to his own superiority.
Then Mary Benton referred gratefully to her own independence for she had inherited an annuity for life amounting 500 pounds per year. Around the time she received the money women got the entitlement to vote. Mary Benton admitted that the money was infinitely more important.
Before inheriting the money she had tried to survive by addressing envelopes, reading aloud to old ladies, teaching children the alphabet and making artificial flowers. To put it in a nutshell, she exercised all activities that were available to women before 1918. Mary Benton briefly remembered the bitterness in these days and the relief she felt when she got her permanent income. No once more did she need to hate a man, he could not harm her. No once more did she need to flatter a man, he could not give her anything.
[1] Samuel Butler (1835–1902), a novelist and critic, was maligned for his free opinions
[2] Jean de la Bruyere (1645-1696) famous French writer
[3] Dr. Samuel Jonson (1704-1784) poet, critic, biographer and lexicographer, one of the most influential men at his time was highly appreciated by Virginia Woolf.
Abonnieren
Posts (Atom)
